In the 1960s, researcher Herbert Simon defined motivation as a mechanism for achieving goals.
For Simon, people have different goals in life at the same time: professional, affective, social, spiritual goals.
In order for these objectives to be pursued, there must be a mechanism that allows identifying which objective should receive attention at a given time.
Motivation results, therefore, from the activation of the search for this goal .
Note that Simon has a rather mechanical view of motivation Albert Pandura, in the nineteen nineties, defined motivation as a complex phenomenon that evaluates multiple possible paths to reach satisfaction.
This assessment takes into account variables such as the amount of effort it will take to get there and how long that effort will need to be made.
That is, motivation considers not only what will be pursued, but with what intensity for how long .
Well, the literature on motivation has numerous definitions, but it is currently a consensus that motivation involves both cognitive and emotional variables.
Let's look at four of these variables
Motivation seems to be influenced, firstly, by the subjective probability of success, that is, by the estimate that the person himself makes the chances of being successful when trying to reach a certain objective.
This estimate is based on the skills and knowledge that the person believes he has to overcome obstacles.
Another variable is the fear of failure, that is, the fear that even having the necessary knowledge and skills, it will not be possible to achieve the objective for reasons such as anxiety in the face of new situations or competition with more competent people.
The third variable is the perception of challenge. Challenges are motivating, but the goal only represents a challenge when the person considers that by conquering it, the concept he has about himself will be changed for the better, that is, he will feel more capable, he will feel that he has overcome himself.
The fourth variable is interest, although it seems to be partly the result of the previous variables, or interest also has to do with how pleasant it will be to pursue a given objective.
You know when a person says, wow, I would even do that for free.
The interest variable is related to this feeling of fun that certain activities generate in some people, which brings us to the discussion on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Extrinsic or external motivation is that generated by the possibility of being externally rewarded after achieving a certain goal.
This external reward can be a salary, a bonus, a trip or some object of interest of the person who will be rewarded.
Intrinsic or internal motivation is characterized by the expectation of experiencing positive feelings while carrying out an activity, that is, it is the desire to do something because it is pleasant, interesting and not necessarily because it is a means to obtain an external reward.
It is not known exactly what causes internal motivation, but it seems to arise when there is a relationship between activity and the self-concept of the person performing it.
For example, someone who has values such as concern for economically disadvantaged people in their high opinion will feel aligned with the activity that has a noticeable social impact, which generates intrinsic motivation.
Another explanation is that this motivation results from the feeling of performing an activity autonomously and competently.
When feeling that he performs an activity very well, the internal motivation would be triggered.
Whatever the motive behind intrinsic motivation, the fact is that it is increasingly perceived as an important factor for the well-being and productivity of people, especially those who deal with activities that involve creativity and innovation.
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